When it comes to understanding behavioural problems with urination, it is important to think ‘outside the box’, if you will. When outside, cats bury their excrement; hence, when inside, they are already far more likely to use a litter box for defecating than for urinating, even before being training. Although some cats aren’t particularly bothered about the state of their litter box, others are exceptionally picky and, if their owner doesn’t keep their litter box clean and tidy, they won’t use it. After all, they probably see no reason to wee in a tray!

If your cat isn’t keen on using the litter tray, it might be that she doesn’t feel particularly safe doing so. Consider moving the litter tray to somewhere sheltered and protected, where she doesn’t threatened. For more details see the solutions post. Similarly, if your cat is an outdoor cat and suddenly finds herself inside for long periods of time, because of foul weather for example, she can find herself stressed – which can have a major impact on urination. Playing with her or keeping her entertained will help reduce stress and encourage normal behaviour.

Always remember your cat shouldn’t be treated like a person; you can’t just tell her off and expect her to start using her litter tray more appropriately. A little time and consideration are far more useful.

If cat spraying is becoming a frequent problem for you, there are various methods for preventing it. Today I’ll explain just a few of them. First of all, however, I must ask that you don’t punish your cat for spraying; as frustrating as it is, it is natural behaviour and in most cases the delay between the spraying and punishment will simply serve to confuse the cat.

Also, although castration stops spraying immediately in 80% of male cats, there are other, less drastic measures you should attempt first. For one thing, consider whether there is anything your cat may consider as a threat, which may be causing the behaviour; other cats inside or outside the house, a new baby or even simply moving the furniture around.

If you are having any building work done, try to keep your cat away from it, as this will encourage territorial spraying. Once any building work is done, introduce your cat to the new area slowly and with the use of familiar items to make her feel at home; this will reduce anxiety and the need to mark new territory. Allowing and encouraging your cat to rub against objects in places where spraying has previously taken place may also help reduce the urge to spray again.

Before anything else, have your cat checked out for any medical reasons that may be causing the spraying. Most relevant health problems will be covered by your cat insurance.